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The History of Space Exploration: From Sputnik to Mars Rovers I. Introduction Space exploration stands as one of humanity’s most remarkable achievements. The quest to venture beyond our planet, driven by curiosity and the desire for knowledge, has propelled us to achieve feats once thought impossible. From the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, to the sophisticated Mars rovers exploring the Red Planet today, the history of space exploration is a testament to human ingenuity and perseverance. This article traces the journey of space exploration, highlighting key milestones and missions that have shaped our understanding of the cosmos. II. The Dawn of Space Exploration A. Pre-Space Age Before the Space Age, humanity’s fascination with space was reflected in literature, art, and early scientific theories. Visionaries like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Robert Goddard laid the groundwork for modern rocketry. Tsiolkovsky, a Russian scientist, formulated the rocket equa...